Effective: 2024-01-01

Course Description

The course outline below was developed as part of a statewide standardization process.

General Course Purpose

The purpose of this course is to expand on the knowledge and skills learned in EMS 223 and EMS 224.

Course Prerequisites/Corequisites

Prerequisite: Current Virginia EMT and CPR certification as approved by the Virginia Office of EMS. Corequisite: EMS 226: Paramedic Patient Care II Lab

Course Objectives

• Integrate knowledge of anatomy, physiology, and pathophysiology to assess and treat patients.
• Integrate knowledge of scene safety and situational awareness, scene management, impact of the environment on patient care, tactics to address hazards and violence, recognizing the need for additional or specialized resources, standard precautions, and multiple patient situations to effectively guide emergency management.
• Integrate the investigation of a patient?s chief complaint, the mechanism of injury or nature of illness, the associated signs and symptoms, past medical history, and pertinent negatives, interviewing techniques, therapeutic communication and adaptive interviewing techniques, age-related variations in pediatric and geriatric patients to guide patient care.
• Integrate the assessment of vital signs and pain, techniques of physical examination (respiratory system including breath sound quality, cardiovascular system, neurological system, musculoskeletal system, and major anatomical regions), and monitoring devices (pulse oximetry, non-invasive blood pressure, cardiac monitoring- 12 lead acquisition and transmission, blood glucose determination, end-tidal CO2 monitoring and interpretation of waveform capnography, and venous blood sampling) including age-related variations in pediatric and geriatric patients to guide patient care.
• Integrate comprehensive knowledge of the principles of pharmacology into the management of patients.
• Integrate knowledge of essential components in normal perfusion, physiologic response, types of shock, treatment of shock, complications of shock, and circulatory assist devices, including age-related modifications for pediatric and geriatric patients, to the assessment, care, and transportation of a patient in shock.
• Integrate knowledge of the anatomy of the respiratory system, physiology, and pathophysiology of respiration (including pulmonary ventilation, oxygenation, and respiration- external, internal, and cellular), and supplemental oxygen therapies to the assessment and management of adequate and inadequate breathing situations.
• Integrate knowledge of causes and pathophysiology, trauma scoring, transport and destination issues, transport mode, and age-related assessment and treatment modifications for pediatric and geriatric patients into the management of traumatic injuries.

Major Topics to be Included

• Medical
• Cardiovascular disorders
• Respiratory disorders
• Abdominal and gastrointestinal disorders
• Disorders of the eyes, ears, nose, and throat
• Endocrine Disorders
• Genitourinary/Renal Disorders:
• Hematologic Disorders
• Immunologic Disorders
• Infectious Disease
• Neurologic Disorders
• Non-Traumatic Musculoskeletal Disorders
• Psychiatric or Behavioral Emergencies
• Toxicology (and how and when to contact poison control)
• Gynecologic Disorders:
• Obstetrics (knowledge of normal pregnancy changes, anatomy and physiology, pathophysiology of pregnancy complications, assessment of the pregnant patient)
• Newborn/Neonatal Care (knowledge of neonatal circulation)
• Patients with Special Challenges:
• Trama
• Bleeding and fluid resuscitation
• Abdominal and Genitourinary Trauma
• Chest Trauma
• Head, Facial, Neck, and Spine Trauma
• Nervous System Trauma
• Orthopedic Trauma
• Soft Tissue Trauma:
• Multi-System Trauma and Blast Injuries
• Environmental Emergencies
• Special Considerations in Trauma